Core concepts（核心概念）¶
This page describes major concepts related to the Ontology in Foundry.
Ontology¶
An Ontology is a categorization of the world. In Foundry, the Ontology is the digital twin of an organization, a rich semantic layer that sits on top of the digital assets (datasets and models) integrated into Foundry. The Foundry Ontology creates a complete picture of an organization’s world by mapping datasets and models to object types, properties, link types, and action types.
- An object type defines an entity or event in an organization.
- A property defines the object type’s characteristics.
- A link type defines the relationship between two object types.
- An action type defines how an object type can be modified.
The concepts that comprise the Ontology have parallels in the structure of a dataset. You can think of each object type as analogous to a dataset; an object is an instance of an object type, just as a row is one entry in a dataset. The columns in a dataset are analogous to properties of an object, as they provide additional information for a given row. The value in a dataset field (like a cell in a spreadsheet) is akin to the property value of an object. And just as datasets can be joined together in various ways, objects can have links between them based on property values. The table below summarizes this comparison:
| Datasets | Ontology |
|---|---|
| Dataset | Object type |
| Row | Object |
| Column | Property |
| Field | Property value |
| Join | Link type |
The diagram below demonstrates how these concepts can come together to create an Ontology. The content below continues to define the different components of the Ontology in more depth.
Object type¶
An object type is the schema definition of a real-world entity or event. An object refers to a single instance of an object type; an object corresponds to a single real-world entity or event. An object set refers to a collection of multiple object instances; that is, an object set represents a group of real-world entities or events.
Learn more about object types.
Property¶
A property of an object type is the schema definition of a characteristic of a real-world entity or event. A property value refers to the value of a property on an object, or a single instance of that real world entity or event.
Shared property¶
A shared property is a property that can be used on multiple object types in your ontology. Shared properties allow for consistent data modeling across object types and centralized management of property metadata.
Learn more about shared properties.
Link type¶
A link type is the schema definition of a relationship between two object types. A link refers to a single instance of that relationship between two objects.
Action type¶
An action type is the schema definition of a set of changes or edits to objects, property values, and links that a user can take at once. It also includes the side effect behaviors that occur with action submission. Once an action type is configured in the Ontology, end users can make changes to objects by applying actions.
Learn more about action types.
Roles¶
Roles are the central permissioning model in the Ontology. Similar to roles in the Foundry filesystem, Ontology roles grant access to ontological resources. Roles can be granted on the Ontology level or the individual resource level.
Learn more about Ontology roles and how they are used for object types, link types, and action types.
Functions¶
A function is a piece of code-based logic that takes in input parameters and returns an output. Functions are natively integrated with the Ontology: they can take objects and object sets as input, read property values of objects, and be used across action types and applications that build on the Ontology.
Learn more about Functions in general, or learn more about Ontology-based Functions.
Interfaces¶
An interface is an Ontology type that describes the shape of an object type and its capabilities. Interfaces provide object type polymorphism, allowing for consistent modeling of and interaction with object types that share a common shape.
Learn more about interfaces.
Object Views¶
Object Views are a central hub for all information and workflows related to a particular object. This includes key information about an object, any linked objects, and related metrics, as well as analyses, dashboards, and applications related to the object.
Learn more about Object Views.
中文翻译¶
核心概念¶
本文描述了与 Foundry 中本体论(Ontology)相关的主要概念。
本体论(Ontology)¶
本体论(Ontology)是对世界的一种分类方式。在 Foundry 中，本体论是组织的数字孪生，是一个丰富的语义层，位于集成到 Foundry 中的数字资产（数据集和模型）之上。Foundry 本体论通过将数据集和模型映射到对象类型(Object Type)、属性(Property)、链接类型(Link Type)和操作类型(Action Type)，构建了组织世界的完整图景。
- 对象类型(Object Type)定义了组织中的实体或事件。
- 属性(Property)定义了对象类型的特征。
- 链接类型(Link Type)定义了两个对象类型之间的关系。
- 操作类型(Action Type)定义了对象类型可以被修改的方式。
构成本体论的概念与数据集的结构有相似之处。你可以将每个对象类型类比为数据集；对象是对象类型的一个实例，就像行是数据集中的一个条目一样。数据集中的列类似于对象的属性，因为它们为特定行提供了额外信息。数据集字段中的值（如电子表格中的单元格）类似于对象的属性值。正如数据集可以通过多种方式连接在一起一样，对象之间也可以基于属性值建立链接。下表总结了这种对比：
| 数据集(Datasets) | 本体论(Ontology) |
|---|---|
| 数据集(Dataset) | 对象类型(Object type) |
| 行(Row) | 对象(Object) |
| 列(Column) | 属性(Property) |
| 字段(Field) | 属性值(Property value) |
| 连接(Join) | 链接类型(Link type) |
下图展示了这些概念如何共同构建本体论。下文将继续深入定义本体论的不同组成部分。
对象类型(Object type)¶
对象类型(Object type) 是现实世界实体或事件的模式定义。对象(Object) 指的是对象类型的单个实例；一个对象对应一个现实世界的实体或事件。对象集(Object set) 指的是多个对象实例的集合；也就是说，对象集代表了一组现实世界的实体或事件。
属性(Property)¶
属性(Property) 是对象类型的模式定义，描述了现实世界实体或事件的特征。属性值(Property value) 指的是对象上某个属性的值，即该现实世界实体或事件的单个实例。
共享属性(Shared property)¶
共享属性(Shared property) 是一种可以在本体论中多个对象类型上使用的属性。共享属性允许跨对象类型进行一致的数据建模，并实现属性元数据的集中管理。
链接类型(Link type)¶
链接类型(Link type) 是两个对象类型之间关系的模式定义。链接(Link) 指的是两个对象之间该关系的单个实例。
操作类型(Action type)¶
操作类型(Action type) 是一组变更或编辑的模式定义，用户可以一次性对对象、属性值和链接执行这些操作。它还包括操作提交时发生的副作用行为。一旦在本体论中配置了操作类型，最终用户就可以通过应用操作来更改对象。
角色(Roles)¶
角色(Roles) 是本体论中的核心权限模型。与 Foundry 文件系统中的角色类似，本体论角色授予对本体系资源的访问权限。角色可以在本体论级别或单个资源级别授予。
了解更多关于本体论角色以及它们如何用于对象类型、链接类型和操作类型的信息。
函数(Functions)¶
函数(Functions) 是一段基于代码的逻辑，它接收输入参数并返回输出。函数与本体系原生集成：它们可以将对象和对象集作为输入，读取对象的属性值，并可在操作类型和基于本体论构建的应用程序中使用。
接口(Interfaces)¶
接口(Interface) 是一种本体论类型，描述了对象类型的形状及其能力。接口提供了对象类型的多态性，允许对共享相同形状的对象类型进行一致的建模和交互。
了解更多关于接口的信息。
对象视图(Object Views)¶
对象视图(Object Views) 是一个中心枢纽，汇集了与特定对象相关的所有信息和工作流。这包括对象的关键信息、任何链接对象以及相关指标，还包括与该对象相关的分析、仪表板和应用程序。